Which water treatment chemicals lower the pH when added to water?

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Multiple Choice

Which water treatment chemicals lower the pH when added to water?

Explanation:
Lowering pH means increasing the hydrogen ion concentration in water. Ferric chloride acidifies water because it hydrolyzes to produce ferric hydroxide and free hydrogen ions, releasing H+ into the solution. Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which partly dissociates to yield more hydrogen ions. Together, these actions push the water toward a lower pH. The other pairs are predominantly basic. They include compounds that raise pH (such as sodium hydroxide from caustic soda, calcium hydroxide from hydrated lime, and related aluminate or carbonate bases), so they do not lower pH.

Lowering pH means increasing the hydrogen ion concentration in water. Ferric chloride acidifies water because it hydrolyzes to produce ferric hydroxide and free hydrogen ions, releasing H+ into the solution. Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which partly dissociates to yield more hydrogen ions. Together, these actions push the water toward a lower pH.

The other pairs are predominantly basic. They include compounds that raise pH (such as sodium hydroxide from caustic soda, calcium hydroxide from hydrated lime, and related aluminate or carbonate bases), so they do not lower pH.

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